Solar Charge Controller
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Charge Controller
Solar charge controller is a necessary component in stand-alone systems . Its primary function is to protect the accumulator from both overcharging and over-discharging.
Functionality.
The solar charge controller is connected via cables on the one hand to the solar modules and on the other hand it is connected to the battery and the consumers. It serves as a kind of switching center between these three components. The charge controller is unavoidable because the supply of solar power is not always the same and also the demand from connected consumers varies. In addition, the Solar charge controller must ensure that the limit voltages are met to protect the battery .
Additional functions:
- Discharge
- Temperature sensor
- Display of variables such as state of charge, charging current, load current, battery voltage, operating status, acoustic warning signal during load switch-off.
Types of Charger Controller
Series Regulator :-
where the module current is interrupted by either a relay or a transformer when the end-of-charge voltage has been reached. If the voltage has fallen accordingly, the relay or the transformer then switches again. So the circuit is opened, the solar modules are idling. Shunt regulator – This control system closes a relay or transformer so that it short-circuits the solar generator. For the accumulator, this mode of operation of the charge controller is gentler because the module current is not regulated abruptly, but continuously. MPP controller – This is where a DC-DC converter adapts the solar generator to the battery. As a result, the charging current can be significantly higher.
Calculation of the Power of the Charge Controller
To properly size the charge controller, the current must be calculated. For this purpose, the plant output (Watts peak) is divided by the voltage of the battery. This results in the necessary amperage of the charge controller. The current should always be over sized at least 10%. Charge controllers are available for currents of 5 to 30A.